Path diversity improves the identification of influential spreaders

Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks is a crucial problem which relates to wide applications. Many methods based on the global information such as $k$-shell and PageRank have been applied to rank spreaders. However, most of related previous works overwhelmingly focus on the number of paths for propagation, while whether the paths are diverse enough is usually overlooked. Generally, the spreading ability of a node might not be strong if its propagation depends on one or two paths while the other paths are dead ends. In this Letter, we introduced the concept of path diversity and find that it can largely improve the ranking accuracy. We further propose a local method combining the information of path number and path diversity to identify influential nodes in complex networks. This method is shown to outperform many well-known methods in both undirected and directed networks. Moreover, the efficiency of our method makes it possible to be applied to very large systems.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Value of superb microvascular imaging ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: Compared with color Doppler and power Doppler.

The aim of this study was to compare the value of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with that of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS).Fifty patients with symptomatic CTS and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The cross-sectional area (CSA), CDUS score, PDUS score, and SMI score of the median nerve (MN) at the carpal tunnel were recorded. The value of different ultrasonography (US) diagnostic strategies was calculated.The blood flow display ratio in the MN of the healthy volunteers had no statistical difference between CDUS, PDUS, and SMI (20%, 32%, and 48%, respectively, P \u3e.05). The blood flow display ratio for SMI in patients was significantly higher than that of CDUS and PDUS (90%, 52%, and 60%, respectively,

Clinical report and literature review of female idiopathic hypogonadism with diabetes mellitus

通过报道1例女性特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症合并糖尿病患者，结合现代医学临床循证的方法和查阅相关文献，以期为特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症合并糖尿病的诊断和治疗提供思路。1 cases of female idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with diabetes mellitus was reported in the paper in order to provide ideas for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with diabetes diagnosis and treatment, based on modern clinical medicine and evidence-based literatures

2,3-[(3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diyl)bis(sul­fanediylmethylene)]-6,7-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1,4,5,8-tetra­thia­fulvalene

In the title mol­ecule, C16H22S8O2, two S atoms, two O atoms and ten C atoms form a 14-membered ring with a boat conformation. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into dimers which are further connected into a chain along the a axis by C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds

4,6,7,9,10,12,13,15-Octa­hydro-2H-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-i][1,4,7,12]dioxadithia­cyclo­tetra­decine-2-thione

In the title mol­ecule, C11H16O2S5, the two S atoms from the macrocycle are situated on opposite sides of the mean plane of the five-membered ring, deviating from it by 1.288 (3) and 1.728 (3) Å. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯S and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into layers parallel to (100). The crystal studied was a racemic twin

Simple security proof of coherent-one-way quantum key distribution

Coherent-one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD), which requires a simple experimental setup and has the ability to withstand photon-number-splitting attacks, has been not only experimentally implemented but also commercially applied. However, recent studies have shown that the current COW-QKD system is insecure and can only distribute secret keys safely within 20 km of the optical fiber length. In this study, we propose a practical implementation of COW-QKD by adding a two-pulse vacuum state as a new decoy sequence. This proposal maintains the original experimental setup as well as the simplicity of its implementation. Utilizing detailed observations on the monitoring line to provide an analytical upper bound on the phase error rate, we provide a high-performance COW-QKD asymptotically secure against coherent attacks. This ensures the availability of COW-QKD within 100 km and establishes theoretical foundations for further applications.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl